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How do you determine these offenses?
By listening to the voice of the teensy little lawgiver that lives under the mushrooms in the backyard, obviously.

It's a group effort, constantly under review. Murder, in various forms meaning the unlawful taking or expending of human life, seems to be a useful one.
Forcing people to live by the faith of the State's mascot religion used to be in vogue, it's going farther and farther down on the charts as time goes by.
Slavery was a cool thing, once, but society tends to march in the direction of liberalism over the centuries. Civil rights are extended to more and more people, even animals, wives and children, over time. Distinctions over skin color, gender, nationality, the ability to spell 'pseudo' in pseudointellectual, all become less and less justifiable as reasons to discriminate.
And so on...
Laws are suggested, evaluated, voted on, enacted, enforced, people stand up and say 'Crock of Pahookie!' and go to court, and it's evaluated by a different process, eventually coming to be either upheld or rejected.